Adobe InDesign - Manual (Page 288)

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4. Move the caption text frame next to an image frame, or group the caption text frame with the image frame.
If the caption variable is blank, edit the image metadata, and then use the Links panel to update the image. To edit image metadata, see Edit
metadata in image files.
Define caption variables
Caption variables are updated automatically when a text frame containing a caption variable is moved next to an image. By default, the Name
metadata is used for the variable type when you choose Type > Text Variables > Insert Variable > Image Name. You can edit the Image Name
variable, or you can create new variables that specify image metadata.
1. Choose Type > Text Variables > Define.
2. Choose New to create a variable or Edit to edit an existing variable.
3. For Type, select Metadata Caption.
4. Choose an option from the Metadata menu.
5. Specify text that appears before or after the metadata, and then choose OK.
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