Motorola DSP96002 User Manual

Page 729

C-6

DSP96002 USER’S MANUAL

MOTOROLA

generated exclusively by the DSP96002 data ALU as a result of floating point arithmetic operations, is em-

bedded in the DP format, and is thus stored implicitly as a DP number with zeros in the lower 21 bits of the

fraction.

C.1.3 DSP96002 Floating Point Storage Format in the Data ALU

The data ALU is designed to accommodate mixed-precision operands in a common format. To this end, a

common DP storage format is used internal to the data ALU. SP and DP numbers from memory are auto-

matically converted to the internal format by means of a format conversion unit, the operation of which is

transparent to the user.

The bit-level DP representation internal to the ALU is illustrated in Figure C-5. The internal floating point

format is 96 bits wide and consists of the following fields:

Sign of the mantissa (S) bit 95.

SP Unnormalized tag (U) bit 94. The U-TAG is set when writing a floating-point register with a

denormalized SP number. Cleared otherwise.

DP Unnormalized tag (V) bit 93. The V-TAG is set when writing a floating-point register with a

denormalized DP number (denormalized SEP in the DSP96002). Cleared otherwise.

Unused bits (Z) bits 75 through 92 and bits 0 through 10. These bits read as zeros, and should

be written with zeros for future compatibility. They are cleared by floating-point moves and op-

erations.

Biased Exponent (e) bits 64 through 74. Since the internal ALU format is DP, there are 11 ex-

ponent bits, with an integer bias of 1023 ($3FF). The encodings of the exponent are identical

to the ones explained in the section on memory storage formats (Appendix D.1.2) .

Integer bit (i or b

) bit 63. The integer bit is explicitly presented in the internal representation as

bit 63 and is the integer part of the mantissa.

Fraction – bits 11 through 62. This is a 52-bit field representing the fractional part of the man-

tissa (only 31 are used by the DSP96002 floating-point ALU). The remaining bits are set to

zero by floating-point ALU operations or single-precision floating-point moves. Since the inter-

nal format is DP, the fraction consists of 52 bits. The data ALU arithmetic, however, only pro-

vides results in either SP or SEP. The SEP format is the same as the DP format, except for the

size of the fraction. The SEP fraction consists of only 31 bits. Consequently, the lower 21 or 29

bits of the fraction will consist of zeros when representing SEP or SP arithmetic results, respec-

tively. When DP values are moved from memory to the data ALU, the fraction contains all 52

significant bits. However, when using these DP values as operands in a floating-point arithmetic

operation, only 31 bits of the 52-bit fraction are used; the remaining bits are simply truncated.

The SEP format is shown in Figure C-7.

C.1.4 IEEE Floating Point Exceptions

The IEEE standard defines five types of exceptions which must be signaled when detected. The DSP96002

implements the default "trap disabled" way of signaling exceptions: when an exception occurs, a flag is set

and program execution continues. The flag remains set until cleared by the user. The different exceptions

are:

Invalid operation: The invalid operation exception is signaled when an operand is invalid for the