Retrotec USACE - Manual (Page 404)

L4 ENERGY & PROCESS ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL
2.2 Heating and Cooling Systems
2.2.1 Reduce operating hours of complementing heating and cooling systems (e.g., hydronic)
2.2.2. Eliminate or downsize existing HVAC equipment in an existing building or group of
buildings by improvements in building envelope, reductions in lighting or plug loads,
and so forth.
2.2.3 Provide cooling effect by creating air movement with fans.
2.2.4 Duty cycling for demand control.
2.2.5 Reduce HVAC operating hours to reduce electrical, heating, and cooling requirements.
2.2.6 Eliminate HVAC usage in vestibules and unoccupied space.
2.2.7 Minimize direct cooling/heating of unoccupied areas by turning off fan coil units and
unit heaters and by closing the vent or supply air diffuser.
2.2.8 Reduce HVAC operating hours for space heating, cooling, and ventilation.
2.2.9 Install system controls to reduce cooling/heating of unoccupied space.
2.2.10 Create building/air-conditioned space zones with separate controls.
2.2.11 Replace forced air heaters with high-temperature radiant (gas) heaters.
2.2.12 Replace indirect fi red heaters with direct fi red heaters.
2.2.13 Replace forced-air heaters with low- or medium-temperature hydronic radiant heaters.
2.2.14 Replace ineffi cient window air conditioners with high seasonal energy effi ciency ratio
(SEER) units.
2.2.15 Install modular HVAC units.
2.2.16 Replace window air-conditioning with central system.
2.2.17 Convert electric heaters to natural gas radiation/convection.
2.2.18 Lower heating and raise cooling temperature setpoints when the area is too hot or too
cold.
2.2.19 Schedule off-hour meetings in a location that does not require HVAC in the entire fa-
cility.
2.2.20 Install local heating/cooling equipment to serve seldom-used areas located far from the
center of the HVAC system.
2.2.21 Employ heat recovery from exhaust air and processes for the supply air treatment.
Common types of heat exchangers are rotary, sealed, plate, coil run-around system, and
hot oil recovery system. Depending upon the equipment used, heat recovery effi ciency
can vary between 50% and 70%.
2.2.22 Install transpired air heating collector (solar wall) for ventilation air preheating.
2.2.23 Use night precooling to reduce cooling energy consumption.
2.2.24 Free cooling cycle by piping chilled water to condenser during cold weather.
2.2.25 Install geothermal space heating.
2.2.26 Use waste heat (e.g., condenser vapor, return air heat, return hot water) for reheating
for humidity control (often air is cooled to dewpoint to remove moisture and then is re-
heated to desired temperature and humidity).
2.2.27 Avoid temperature stratifi cation with heating, either by proper air supply system design
or by using temperature destratifi ers.