Retrotec USACE - Manual (Page 105)

Energy Assessment Procedure 83
TABLE 6. CAUSES OF ENERGY WASTE AND INEFFICIENCY IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS (Continued)
Waste/ineffi ciency Reference/appendix
High-pressure sodium lighting in indoor environments Ineffi ciency D.15
Using poor performance lighting fi xtures that trap more light than they
distribute to the task area Ineffi ciency D.16
Lack of task lighting and lighting levels greater than 30 footcandles Waste D.2.3
Using incandescent lighting in exhaust hoods, walk-in coolers and even
dining rooms instead of compact fl uorescent lighting Ineffi ciency D.10.2
1.3.5 Electrical Systems
Electricity is used in all buildings and most processes. Electricity is distributed
at high voltages for ease of handling and effi ciency. Transformers near points
of use reduce the voltage to that required by the process equipment. The ef-
fi ciency of this operation is in the range of 5–10%, with the loss ending up as
heat. Table 7 describes energy waste and ineffi ciency in electrical systems.
TABLE 7. ENERGY WASTE AND INEFFICIENCY IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Problem description Waste/ineffi ciency Reference/appendix
Motors Running when not required Waste D6.1.1
Motors of more than 3 hp that are less than 85% effi cient Ineffi ciency D6.1.2
Rewinding motors more than twice Ineffi ciency D6.1.3
Use of motor two sizes greater than required Ineffi ciency D6.1.4
Use of standard effi ciency motors Ineffi ciency D6.1.5
Loads with large variations serviced by constant-
speed motors
Ineffi ciency
D6.1.6
Idling equipment Waste D6.1.7
Ineffi cient walk-in cooler and freezer evaporator
fan motors in catering facility
Ineffi ciency
D7.10.4
Pumps Condensate receiver pumps need repair Waste D6.2.1
Constant speed primary chilled water pumps of above 5 hp Ineffi ciency D6.2.2
Constant speed condenser water pumps Ineffi ciency D6.2.1
Transformers Oversized transformers Ineffi ciency
Transformers oversized Ineffi ciency
Transformers energized on abandoned buildings Waste
Transformer taps not set at proper settings Ineffi ciency
Metering Duplication or excessive metering of use Ineffi ciency