Retrotec USACE - Manual (Page 106)

84 ENERGY & PROCESS ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL
1.3.6 Industrial Processes
In industrial facilities, the process operations are major energy users. Electric-
ity is required to power electric motors. Fuels are needed in foundry, forg-
ing, heat treat, and drying operations. Heat is used in washing, cleaning, and
drying. Heat and cooling are required for painting, machining, and assembly.
Performance of manufacturing facilities needs to consider raw materials, pre-
viously fabricated parts, labor, and added energy requirements when evalu-
ating effi ciency and the creation of waste. Often, nonenergy components of
the process are much more costly than the energy used. Process activities can
also affect the operation of the buildings HVAC systems. The impact needs to
be considered when looking for waste and ineffi ciencies. Figure 25 shows the
energy and resource fl ows for a typical process, and Table 8 lists some indus-
trial process waste and effi ciency issues.
Figure 25. Industrial process energy fl ow.