Retrotec USACE - Manual (Page 101)

TABLE 4. CAUSES OF ENERGY WASTE AND INEFFICIENCY IN CENTRAL ENERGY PLANT
AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (Continued)
Problem description Waste/ineffi ciency Reference/appendix
Boiler
systems Leaking steam traps Waste D4.1.4
( continued) Overventing the deaerator Ineffi ciency D4.1.5
Poor water treatment Ineffi ciency D4.1.6
Excessive heat losses due to poor pipes insulation Waste D4.1.7
Dirty burners Ineffi ciency D4.1.8
Improper operating dampers Ineffi ciency D4.1.9
Inoperable, uncalibrated, or poorly adjusted controls Ineffi ciency D4.1.10
Boiler tubes not cleaned in two years Ineffi ciency D4.1.11
Damaged or missing refractory Ineffi ciency D4.1.12
Combustible gases in the fl ue exhaust Ineffi ciency D4.1.13
Excessive venting of steam Waste D4.1.14
Steam pressure greater than required by processes Ineffi ciency D4.1.15
Steam line serving unused areas Waste D4.1.16
More than 20% excess oxygen in fl ue gases Ineffi ciency D4.1.17
Flue gases warmer than 66 °C (150 °F) leaving hot wa-
ter or steam temperature Waste D4.1.18
Blowdown water warmer than 60 °C (140 °F) Waste D4.1.19
Use of dampers to control air fl ow Ineffi ciency D4.1.20
Surface temperature of boiler, pipes, or other hot sur-
faces greater than 52 °C (125 °F) Waste D4.1.21
Use of continuously lit pilots Waste D4.1.22
Boiler cycling on and off at low loads Ineffi ciency D4.1.23
Vent gases released outdoors warmer than 93 °C (200 °F) Waste D4.1.24
Use of small ineffi cient steam turbines (less than 65%) Ineffi ciency D4.1.25
Use of cooling tower or river water to condense steam
turbine exhaust steam Waste D4.1.26
Use of pressure-reducing valve to provide pressure
reductions Ineffi ciency D4.1.27
Use of a boiler having an effi ciency less than 70% Ineffi ciency D4.1.28
Use of steam to atomize oil Ineffi ciency D4.1.29
Use of ineffi cient burners Ineffi ciency D4.1.30
Fuel oil too cold for good atomization Ineffi ciency D4.1.31
No automatic stack damper Waste D4.1.32
Boiler location remote from area served Ineffi ciency D4.1.33
Energy Conservation Measures 79
(Continued)