Intel STRONGARM SA-1100 - Manual (Page 89)

SA-1100 Developer’s Manual 9-19
System Control Module
9.3.4 RTC Trim Register (RTTR)
The RTTR is programmed by the user to select the frequency of the 1-Hz clock. If this register is
not programmed and left at its reset value (all zeros), then the 1-Hz clock will actually be running
at 32.768 kHz. See the following section for details on how to calculate the value in this register.
The following table shows the location of all bits in the RTTR. All reserved bits are read as zeros
and are unaffected by writes.
.
9.3.5 Trim Procedure
The 1-Hz clock feeding the RTC is obtained by dividing the output of the 32.768-kHz oscillator
down. Since 32768 is a power of two, a 15-bit divider will generate a 1-Hz clock (given a perfect
crystal and perfect board environment). The inherent inaccuracies of crystals, aggravated by
varying capacitance of the board connections, and so on, cause the timebase to be somewhat
inaccurate, requiring a periodic adjustment in the 1 Hz clock period. The SA-1100, through the
RTTR, allows the user to adjust or "trim" the 1 Hz timebase to an accuracy of +/- 5 seconds per
month. At reset, the RTTR contains zeros that disable the trim circuitry. When the trim circuitry is
disabled, the 1-Hz clock feeding the RTC is the same frequency as the output of the 32.768-kHz
oscillator. The RTTR is reset to all zeros each time the nRESET signal is asserted.
9.3.5.1 Oscillator Frequency Calibration
To generate the value to be entered into the RTTR, the user must first measure the output frequency
of the 32.768-kHz oscillator using an accurate timebase, such as a frequency counter. This clock is
made externally visible by selecting the alternate function for GPIO<27>. To gain access to the
clock, this pin must be programmed as an output and then switched over to the alternate function.
See the
Section 9.1, “General-Purpose I/O” on page 9-1 in this chapter for details on how to gain
access to the clock. The trim is accomplished by dividing the output of the oscillator by an integer
value and then doing fine-grain fractional adjustment by periodically deleting clocks from the
stream feeding this integer divider.
Bit 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
R/W Reserved D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R/W C15 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10 C9 C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0
Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit Name Description
0..15 C0-C15 Clock divider count.
This value is the integer portion of the clock trim logic.
16..25 D0-9 Trim delete count.
This value represents the number of 32-kHz clocks to delete when clock trimming
begins.
26..31 — Reserved.