Rainbow Electronics ATmega64M1 - Manual (Page 21)

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8209A–AVR–08/09
ATmega16M1/32M1/64M1
8.4.2 Preventing EEPROM Corruption
During periods of low V
CC,
the EEPROM data can be corrupted because the supply voltage is
too low for the CPU and the EEPROM to operate properly. These issues are the same as for
board level systems using EEPROM, and the same design solutions should be applied.
An EEPROM data corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too low. First,
a regular write sequence to the EEPROM requires a minimum voltage to operate correctly. Sec-
ondly, the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly, if the supply voltage is too low.
EEPROM data corruption can easily be avoided by following this design recommendation:
Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply voltage. This can
be done by enabling the internal Brown-out Detector (BOD). If the detection level of the internal
BOD does not match the needed detection level, an external low V
CC
reset Protection circuit can
be used. If a reset occurs while a write operation is in progress, the write operation will be com-
pleted provided that the power supply voltage is sufficient.
8.5 I/O Memory
The I/O space definition of the ATmega16M1/32M1/64M1 is shown in “Register Summary” on
page 322 .
All ATmega16M1/32M1/64M1 I/Os and peripherals are placed in the I/O space. All I/O locations
may be accessed by the LD/LDS/LDD and ST/STS/STD instructions, transferring data between
the 32 general purpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O registers within the address
range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these regis-
ters, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to
the instruction set section for more details. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT,
the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O registers as data space
u s i n g L D a n d S T i n s t r u c t i o n s , 0 x 2 0 m u s t b e a d d e d t o t h e s e a d d r e s s e s . T h e
ATmega16M1/32M1/64M1 is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be
supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions. For the
Extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instruc-
tions can be used.
For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed.
Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written.
Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that, unlike most other
AVR’s, the CBI and SBI instructions will only operate on the specified bit, and can therefore be
used on registers containing such status flags. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers
0x00 to 0x1F only.
The I/O and peripherals control registers are explained in later sections.
8.6 General Purpose I/O Registers
The ATmega16M1/32M1/64M1 contains four General Purpose I/O Registers. These registers
can be used for storing any information, and they are particularly useful for storing global vari-
ables and status flags. See
“Register Description” on page 22 for details.
The General Purpose I/O Registers, within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F, are directly bit-
accessible using the SBI, CBI, SBIS, and SBIC instructions.