Overview, Standard 2:3 pulldown, Ab c d – Matrox MXO2 PCIe Host Adapter User Manual
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Appendix A, Understanding Pulldown
Overview
Depending on your editing video format, a pulldown may be required to convert
23.98 fps video to 29.97 fps video for output on Matrox MXO2. When a
pulldown is required for your video output, Matrox MXO2 performs either a
standard 2:3 pulldown or an advanced 2:3:3:2 pulldown.
Standard 2:3 pulldown
Standard 2:3 pulldown is often used as part of the telecine process to transfer
24 fps film footage to 29.97 fps interlaced video. This pulldown method is also
used to convert any 23.98 fps progressive video to 29.97 fps interlaced video,
such as for converting 486p @ 23.98 fps video to NTSC.
In order to convert 24 fps film or 23.98 progressive video to 29.97 fps interlaced
video, additional video frames, and more specifically video fields, must be
created and added to the video sequence. For example, to convert a sequence of
four film or progressive frames, five frames of video are needed for a total of 10
video fields. Therefore, one additional video frame or two video fields must be
created. To accomplish this, the first and third frames of a four-frame film or
progressive video sequence are each converted to two video fields. The second
and fourth frames of the sequence are converted to three video fields to make up
a total of five interlaced video frames.
The following diagram demonstrates the process:
Standard 2:3 pulldown is accomplished by representing the first frame of film or
progressive video (frame
A
) as two fields of video (fields
a1
and
a2
), the second
frame (frame
B
) as three fields of video (fields
b1
,
b2
, and
b3
), the third frame
(frame
C
) as two fields (fields
c1
and
c2
), and the fourth frame (frame
D
) as three
fields (fields
d1
,
d2
, and
d3
). This sequence repeats six times each second.
A
B
C
D
a1
a2
b1
b2
b3
d2
d1
c2
c1
d3
Film frames @ 24 fps or progressive frames @ 23.98 fps
Video fields @ 29.97 fps
Frame
A
Frame
C
Frame D
Frame B
Frame E