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Runtime Switching Software Default Settings...................................................................................266
Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................267
Blocking State.............................................................................................................................267
Listening State ............................................................................................................................268
Learning State.............................................................................................................................269
Forwarding State.........................................................................................................................270
Disabled State.............................................................................................................................271
Troubleshooting STP......................................................................................................................272
Spanning Tree Protocol Failure ...................................................................................................272
Full/Half Duplex Mismatch.........................................................................................................273
Unidirectional Link .....................................................................................................................274
Packet Corruption .......................................................................................................................275
Resource Errors ..........................................................................................................................275
Identifying a Data Loop ...............................................................................................................275
Avoiding Trouble .........................................................................................................................275
Brief Review of Bitwise Logical Operations........................................................................................279
Index................................................................................................................................................280
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