EXFO PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer User Manual
Page 50
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout
42
PSO-200
Constellation Chart
The figure below shows an example of a QPSK constellation with four
points (2-bit symbols) comprising the data-carrying signal. No time
information is given since it would be on the z axis.
Transitions between constellation points contribute significantly to the
spectral content of the input signal, and hence the optimization of these
transitions is often the most critical aspect of transmitter operation.
Consequently, the PSO-200 is designed to not only display the constellation
points, but also visualize these transitions with high accuracy.
If the signal is without error, the ideal symbol would appear as a single
point on the constellation. However, signal impairments and modulation
errors cause deviations and the symbols will show as a group of points
dispersed around the ideal location.
For details about the measurements derived from the constellation chart,
see Measurements for Constellation Charts on page 252.
Constellation
point
Transitions
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