Agilent Technologies E8247C PSG CW - Manual (Page 171)

Chapter 7 161
Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband
Working with Differential Data Encoding
symbols can be differentially encoded during the modulation process by assigning symbol table offset values
associated with each data value.
Figure 7-3 shows the 4QAM modulation in the I/Q Values editor.
Figure 7-3
NOTE
The number of bits per symbol can be expressed using the following formula. Because the
equation is a ceiling function, if the value of x contains a fraction, x is rounded up to the
next whole number.
Where x = bits per symbol, and y = the number of differential states.
The following illustration shows a 4QAM modulation I/Q State Map.
1 2
3 4
1st Symbol
Data = 00000000
Distinct values: +1, +1
4th Symbol
Data = 00000011
Distinct values: +1, -1
2nd Symbol
Data = 00000001
Distinct values: -1, +1
3rd Symbol
Data = 00000010
Distinct values: -1, -1