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Toshiba Tecra A3X User Manual

Page 180

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User’s Manual

Glossary-3

Glossary

asynchronous: Lacking regular time relationship. As applied to computer

communications, asynchronous refers to the method of transmitting

data that does not require a steady stream of bits to be transmitted

at regular time intervals.

B

backup: A duplicate copy of files kept as a spare in case the original is

destroyed.

batch file: A file that can be executed from the system prompt containing a

sequence of operating system commands or executable files.

binary: The base two number system composed of zeros and ones (off or

on), used by most digital computers. The right-most digit of a binary

number has a value of 1, the next a value of 2, then 4, 8, 16, and so

on. For example, the binary number 101 has a value of 5. See also

ASCII.

BIOS: Basic Input Output System. The firmware that controls data flow

within the computer. See also firmware.

bit

:

Derived from "binary digit," the basic unit of information used by the

computer. It is either zero or one. Eight bits is one byte. See also

byte.

board: A circuit board. An internal card containing electronic components,

called chips, which perform a specific function or increase the

capabilities of the system.

boot: Short for bootstrap. A program that starts or restarts the computer.

The program reads instructions from a storage device into the

computer’s memory.

bps: Bits per second. Typically used to describe the data transmission

speed of a modem.

buffer: The portion of the computer’s memory where data is temporarily

stored. Buffers often compensate for differences in the rate of flow

from one device to another.

bus: An interface for transmission of signals, data or electric power.
byte: The representation of a single character. A sequence of eight bits

treated as a single unit; also the smallest addressable unit within the

system.

C

cache memory: High speed memory which stores data that increases

processor speed and data transfer rate. When the CPU reads data

from main memory, it stores a copy of this data in cache memory.

The next time the CPU needs that same data, it looks for it in the

cache memory rather than the main memory, which saves time. The

computer has two cache levels. Level one is incorporated into the

processor and level two resides in external memory.