Elenco XP&trade - Manual (Page 29)

Introduction
The U21 microcontroller IC module (U21) consists of the
microcontroller IC in a socket, and mounted on a Snap Circuits
®
platform. Do not remove the microcontroller from the socket. All
microcontrollers are programmable, but the microcontroller you are
using has a special programming interface that makes it very easy to
use.
WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?
A microcontroller is a mini computer. It’s a miniaturized circuit that
contains memory, logic, processing, and input/output circuitry.
Microcontrollers are programmed with specific instructions to control
many different devices. Once programmed the microcontroller is
built into a product to make the product more intelligent and easier
to use.
A microcontroller receives input (such sources such as a switch,
microphone, photoresistor, or computer keyboard), processes it and
makes decisions, then controls outputs (such as an LED, speaker,
motor, or computer display) based on the decisions.
For example, a microwave
oven uses a single micro-
controller to process
information from the keypad,
display user information on a
display, and control the
turntable motor, light, bell and
cooking time.
One microcontroller can often replace a number of separate parts,
or even a number of complete electronic circuits.
Microcontrollers are used in household
appliances, alarm systems, medical
equipment, vehicle subsystems,
musical instruments, and
electronic instrumentation.
Most cars contain many
micro-controllers, using
them for engine
management, remote
locking, and other functions.
Programs are stored in memory as a series of numbers. A program
is executed by moving information (stored as numbers) between
places, such as activity registers, input/output ports, and memory.
Computers cannot do complex mathematics, but they can perform
simple math very quickly, and programming tricks allow complex
calculations to be performed as a series of simple ones.
Microcontroller IC module (U21) 8-pin socket on Snap Circuits ® platform
Microcontroller IC
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PART B - Microcontroller Projects
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