GE P&W Ultrapure and Drinking Water TOC Analyzers - Sievers Nitric Oxide Analyzer (NOA 280i) - Manual (Page 2)

Liquid Applications
Measure nitric oxide and its reaction products, nitrate,
nitrite and nitrosothiols, in virtually any biological fluid
including: plasma, sera, urine, cerebral-spinal fluid, cell
culture media, tissue homogenates and perfusates.
Nitrate
Nitrate (NO
3
-), the major oxidation product of NO in
some cell culture systems and most physiological
fluids, is formed when nitric oxide reacts with
oxyhemoglobin or superoxide anion. Use the NOA 280i
to measure total nitric oxide by converting the nitrate
and nitrite to nitric oxide using vanadium (III) chloride in
hydrochloric acid at 90° C.
Nitrite
Nitrite (NO
2
-), the major oxidation product of NO in the
absence of oxyhemoglobin or superoxide anion, is
formed when nitric oxide reacts with dissolved oxygen.
Use the NOA 280i to measure nitrite by converting the
nitrite to nitric oxide using room temperature iodide
and acetic acid.
Nitrosothiols
Nitrosothiols can be measured directly using the NOA
280i. Measure low molecular weight compounds such
as S-nitrosoglutathione using a Cu(I)/Cysteine reagent.
Measure higher molecular weight species (S-nitroso-
albumin or hemoglobin) using iodine, iodide and
acetic acid after chemical or chromatographic removal
of nitrite.
Liquid Accessories
Purge Vessel
Use the NOA 280i, in conjunction with the Purge Vessel,
to measure most reaction products of nitric oxide. The
Purge Vessel’s design ensures quantitative conversion
of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosothiols to nitric oxide,
resulting in sharp, well-defined data peaks. Clean-up is
quick and simple with the built-in drain port.
Exhaled Breath Applications
Perform all current exhaled NO techniques including:
On-line, Off-line, Nasal, Breath-by-Breath and Chamber
Sampling.
On-Line Sampling
Use our patented technique 1 and the On-Line NO
Breath Kit* to measure on-line concentrations of NO in
exhaled breath. The NOA 280i’s built-in exhaled pressure
biofeedback system and the optional Thermal Mass
Flowmeter facilitate exhalation at constant flow rates.
Off-Line Sampling
Use GE Analytical Instruments patented technique 1 and
the Bag Collection and Sampling Kit to collect subjects’
exhaled breath for later analysis. The concentration of
NO in the Mylar ® collection bags is stable for 8 to 12
hours. Reuse the bags after a simple cleaning procedure.
Nasal Sampling
Increased levels of nasal nitric oxide have been
identified in subjects with sinusitis, rhinitis and asthma.
On-line measurement of nasal nitric oxide may be a
useful marker of inflammation in the nasal passages
and paranasal sinuses. Use a constant transnasal flow
with slow oral exhalation against a resistance to
provide a fast and repeatable measure of nasal NO.
Breath-by-Breath Analysis
Use the Breath-by-Breath technique to measure
exhaled NO in subjects who cannot perform on-line or
off-line exhaled breath maneuvers, i.e., ventilated
subjects, small children and animals. The NOA 280i’s
auxiliary pressure transducer, and the NOAnalysis soft-
ware, determine the beginning and end of each exhala-
tion and the concentration of NO for each exhalation.
Chamber Sampling
Use the Chamber Sampling method to measure
exhaled NO from spontaneously breathing small
animals, such as mice and rats.