Digilent 410-134P-KIT - Manual (Page 6)

Nexys2 Reference Manual
Digilent
www.digilentinc.com
Copyright Digilent, Inc. Page 6/17 Doc: 502-134
Figure 9: Nexys2 seven-segment displays
The anodes of the seven LEDs forming each digit are tied together into one “common anode” circuit
node, but the LED cathodes remain separate. The common anode signals are available as four “digit
enable” input signals to the 4-digit display. The cathodes of similar segments on all four displays are
connected into seven circuit nodes labeled CA through CG (so, for example, the four “D” cathodes
from the four digits are grouped together into a single circuit node called “CD”). These seven cathode
signals are available as inputs to the 4-digit display. This signal connection scheme creates a
multiplexed display, where the cathode signals are common to all digits but they can only illuminate
the segments of the digit whose corresponding anode signal is asserted.
A scanning display controller circuit can be used to show a four-digit number on this display. This
circuit drives the anode signals and corresponding cathode patterns of each digit in a repeating,
continuous succession, at an update rate that is faster than the human eye can detect. Each digit is
illuminated just one-quarter of the time, but because the eye cannot perceive the darkening of a digit
before it is illuminated again, the digit appears continuously illuminated. If the update or “refresh” rate
is slowed to around 45 hertz, most people will begin to see the display flicker.
In order for each of the four digits to appear bright and continuously illuminated, all four digits should
be driven once every 1 to 16ms, for a refresh frequency of 1KHz to 60Hz. For example, in a 60Hz
refresh scheme, the entire display would be refreshed once every 16ms, and each digit would be
illuminated for ¼ of the refresh cycle, or 4ms. The controller must drive the cathodes with the correct
pattern when the corresponding
anode signal is driven. To illustrate
the process, if AN0 is asserted while
CB and CC are asserted, then a “1”
will be displayed in digit position 1.
Then, if AN1 is asserted while CA, CB
and CC are asserted, then a “7” will
be displayed in digit position 2. If AN0
and CB, CC are driven for 4ms, and
then A1 and CA, CB, CC are driven
for 4ms in an endless succession, the
display will show “17” in the first two
digits. An example timing diagram for
a four-digit controller is provided.
An un-illuminated seven-segment display, and nine
illumination patterns corresponding to decimal digits
AN1
AN2
AN3
AN4
Cathodes Digit 0
Refresh period = 1ms to 16ms
Digit period = Refresh / 4
Digit 1 Digit 2 Digit 3
Figure 10: Seven-segment display timing diagram