KORG ES-1 - Manual (Page 57)

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8. Appendices
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8. Appendices
8. Appendices
About MIDI
1. MIDI channels
Similarly to a television, data can be received when the channel
of the receiving device matches the channel on which the data
is being transmitted.
The transmit/receive channel of the ES-1 is set by the MIDI
Channel setting in MIDI mode.
2. Note-on/off
When you strike a key pad, the note number assigned to that
pad and a velocity value will be transmitted as a Note-on mes-
sage [9n, kk, vv] (n: channel, kk: note number, vv: velocity). On
the ES-1, the vv: velocity value is determined by the Accent
level. When you release a pad, a note-off message [8n, kk, vv] is
transmitted. However, most devices do not transmit note-off
velocity, and neither does the ES-1. When note-on/off messages
for a note number assigned to a part are received, that part will
sound.
Note-on/off messages are transmitted and received on the MIDI
channel that you specify in MIDI mode.
3. Switching patterns
When you change patterns, a Program Change message is trans-
mitted. At this time if a program change is received on a MIDI
channel that matches the MIDI channel setting of the ES-1, a
pattern of the same group (e.g., from A01 to A02, etc.) will be
selected.
4. Using NRPN messages to edit
NPRN (Non Registered Parameter No.) messages are messages
to which manufacturers are free to assign their own functions.
On the ES-1, NRPN are assigned to all knobs and keys except
for the accent part key of the Part Edit section and the Effect
section.
To edit, first use NRPN (LSB) [Bn, 62, rr] and NRPN (MSB) [Bn,
63, mm] (control change #98 and 99) (rr, mm: lower and upper
bytes of the parameter no.) to select the parameter. Then trans-
mit Data Entry (MSB) [Bn, 06, mm] and Data Entry (LSB) [Bn,
26, vv] (control change #06 and 38) (mm, vv: upper and lower
bytes of the value, together expressing 16,384 steps) to set the
value. The ES-1 uses only the MSB value (128 steps) of the Data
Entry message.
5. If "stuck notes" occur
If for some reason a note fails to stop sounding, you can usually
switch modes to stop the sound. If a note played via MIDI fails
to stop, you can simultaneously press the Shift key and the Stop/
Cancel key to perform a MIDI Reset.
6. About synchronization
Two or more sequencers can be connected via MIDI and made
to playback in synchronization. Messages used for synchroni-
zation (realtime messages) include Timing Clock [F8], Start [FA],
Continue [FB], and Stop [FC]. In a synchronized system, one
synthesizer (the master) will transmit these messages, and the
other sequencer(s) (the slave(s)) will receive these messages. The
slave devices will playback according to the tempo specified by
the Timing Clock messages transmitted by the master. Twenty-
four Timing Clock messages are transmitted for each quarter
note. When the ES-1’s Global mode parameter Clock is set to
INT, it will be the master device, and will transmit these realtime
messages. When Clock is set to EXT, it will be the slave device,
and will receive these realtime messages. However even when
Clock is set to EXT, the ES-1 will operate according to its own
internal clock if no Timing Clock messages are being received.
The Start message specifies when playback will begin. When
the Start/Pause key is pressed on the master device, it will trans-
mit a Start message. Slave devices that receive this Start mes-
sage will synchronize to the Timing Clock messages subse-
quently received, and will begin playback from the beginning.
If the Start/Pause key is pressed on the master devices when it
is paused, the master will transmit a Continue message. When
a slave device receives the Continue message, it will resume
playback from the point where it is currently stopped. If the
Stop key is pressed during playback, the master will transmit a
Stop message. Slave devices will stop playback when they re-
ceive a Stop message.
7. Synchronization in Song mode
In Song mode, the ES-1 can transmit and receive Song Select
and Song Position Pointer messages. When you switch songs, a
Song Select [F3 ss] message will be transmitted (ss: song num-
ber, where one of 128 songs can be selected. On the ES-1 you
can select 16 songs.) If the ES-1 receives a Song Select message
in Song mode, it will switch songs. Transmission and reception
of Song Select messages can be restricted by the MIDI Filter
settings of MIDI mode. If you change the current position on
the master device (i.e., the device whose Clock is set to INT)
when the song is stopped, a Song Position Pointer message [F2
pp pp] will be transmitted. (pp: the number of MIDI beats from
the beginning of the song; i.e., the number of Timing Clocks
divided by six.) Song Position Pointer indicates the location at
which the sequencer is currently stopped. When Song Position
Pointer is received in Song mode by a slave device (i.e., a device
whose Clock is set to EXT), it will change the location at which
its song is currently stopped to match the location of the mas-
ter. However on the ES-1, the length of each pattern may be
different, so the master and slave will not necessarily be in the
same location. When the Start/Pause key is pressed on the
master device, a Continue message is transmitted, and the song
will begin playback from the currently selected position. When
the slave device receives the Continue message, it will synchro-
nize to the Timing Clock messages and begin playback from
the current point in the song. In the same way as synchronizing
the playback from the beginning of the song, you can specify
the location at which playback will start, and then playback in
synchronization. If you use the dial or Select keys to fast-for-
ward or rewind while the song is playing, Song Position Pointer
messages will not be transmitted. Be aware that if you perform
these operations during synchronized playback, the synchroni-
zation will be lost. Also, even if Song Position Pointer messages
are received during playback, the playback location will not
change.