Frequency modulation, Phase modulation – Atec Agilent-E4421B-24B-32B-33B-35B-36B User Manual
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Frequency modulation
Maximum deviation
ESG-A and
ESG-AP and
ESG-D series
ESG-DP series
N x 10 MHz
N x 1 MHz
Resolution
0.1% of deviation or 1 Hz,
whichever is greater
Modulation frequency response (deviation = 100 kHz)
1
Rates
1 dB bandwidth
3 dB bandwidth, typical
FM1
dc/20 Hz to 100 kHz
dc/5 Hz to 10 MHz
FM2
dc/20 Hz to 100 kHz
dc/5 Hz to 1 MHz
Deviation accuracy
2
<±(3.5% of FM deviation + 20 Hz)
(1 kHz rate, deviation < N x 100 kHz)
Carrier frequency accuracy relative
to CW in dcFM
2,3
±0.1% of set deviation + (N x 1 Hz)
Distortion
2
<1%
(1 kHz rate, THD, dev.= N x 100 kHz)
External inputs
Ext 1 or Ext 2
Sensitivity
1 V
peak
for indicated deviation
Input impedance
50
Ω, nominal
Paths FM 1 and FM 2 are summed internally for composite modu-
lation. Either path may be switched to any one of the modulation
sources: Int, Ext 1, Ext 2. The FM 2 path is limited to a maximum
rate of 1 MHz. The FM 2 path must be set to a deviation less than
FM 1.
Phase modulation
Maximum deviation
2
ESG-A and ESG-D
ESG-AP and ESG-DP
series
series
Normal BW
N x 90 radians
N x 10 radians
High BW
N x 2
π radians
N x 1 radian
Resolution
0.1% of set deviation
Modulation frequency response
2
ESG-A and ESG-D series
Maximum
Rates (3 dB BW)
Mode deviation
ΦM1
ΦM2
Normal BW N x 90 rad
dc to 100 kHz
dc to 100 kHz
High BW
N x 2
π rad dc to 1.5 MHz (typ) dc to 0.9 MHz (typ)
N x
π/2 rad dc to 6 MHz (typ) dc to 1 MHz (typ)
ESG-AP and ESG-DP series
Maximum
Rates (3 dB BW)
Mode deviation
ΦM1
ΦM2
Normal BW N x 10 rad
dc to 100 kHz
dc to 100 kHz
High BW
N x 1 rad
dc to 1 MHz (typ)
dc to 1 MHz (typ)
Deviation accuracy
<±(5% of deviation + 0.01 radians)
(1 kHz rate, Normal BW mode)
Distortion
2
<1%
1 kHz rate, THD, dev
External inputs
Ext 1 or Ext 2
Sensitivity
1 V
peak
for indicated deviation
Input impedance
50
Ω, nominal
Paths
ΦM 1 and ΦM 2 are summed internally for composite mod-
ulation. Either path may be switched to any one of the
modulation sources: Int, Ext 1, Ext 2. The
ΦM 2 path is limited
to a maximum rate of 1 MHz. The
ΦM 2 path must be set to a
deviation less than
ΦM 1.
1. Since the internal modulation source operates over 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz, FM rates above 50 kHz must be supplied externally.
2. Refer to frequency bands on page 4 to compute specifications.
3. At the calibrated deviation and carrier frequency, within 5 °C of ambient temperature at time of calibration.