Spicer Drive Axles Failure Analysis Service Manual - Manual (Page 2)

Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview ..................................................................... 2
Failure Prevention
Correct Specifications ................................................. 3
Glossary and Nomenclature
Glossary ...................................................................... 7
Stress Overview .......................................................... 9
Gearing and Torque Distribution
Power Flow ............................................................... 16
Failure Analysis
How to Diagnose a Failure ......................................... 18
Ring Gear and Pinion
Shock (Impact) Failure .............................................. 20
Fatigue Failure ........................................................... 21
Pitting and Spalling Failures ...................................... 22
Lubrication Failures ................................................... 23
Wheel Differential
Shock (Impact) Failures ............................................ 24
Spinout - Over Heat Failures ..................................... 25
Power Divider
Shock (Impact) Failure .............................................. 26
Fatigue Failures ......................................................... 28
Pitting and Spalling Failures ...................................... 29
Spinout Failures ........................................................ 30
Lubrication Failures ................................................... 32
Bearings
Normal and Contamination Wear .............................. 34
Pitting and Spalling Damage ..................................... 35
Seals and Yokes
Yoke Wear and Seal Lip Wear ................................... 37
Installation Problems ................................................ 38
Axle Shaft
Shock and Fatigue Failure ......................................... 40
Two Speed Planetary
Pitting and Spalling Failures ......................................42
Wear and Scoring ......................................................43
Drive Axle Housing
Spindle Damage and Fatigue Cracks ..........................44
Loose or Over-torqued Hardware ..............................45
Steer Axle
Bushing Damage - Installation ...................................46
Bushing and Kingpin Wear - Contamination ..............47
Bushing and Kingpin Wear - Normal .........................48