beautypg.com

Appendix a – Atec Agilent-N1921A User Manual

Page 9

background image

9

Appendix A

Uncertainty calculations for a power measurement (settled, average power)

[Specification values from this document are in bold italic, values calculated on this page are underlined.]

Process:

1. Power level: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W

2. Frequency: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Calculate meter uncertainty:

Calculate noise contribution

• If in Free Run mode, Noise = Measurement noise x free run multiplier

• If in Trigger mode, Noise = Noise-per-sample x noise per sample multiplier

Convert noise contribution to a relative term

1

= Noise/Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

Instrumentation linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

RSS of above three terms ≥ Meter uncertainty = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

4. Zero uncertainty

(Mode and frequency-dependent) = Zero set/Power = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

5. Sensor calibration uncertainty

(Sensor, frequency, power and temperature-dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

6. System contribution, coverage factor of 2 ≥ sys

rss

= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

(RSS three terms from steps 3, 4 and 5)

7. Standard uncertainty of mismatch

Max SWR (frequency-dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

convert to reflection coefficient, | ρ

Sensor

| = (SWR–1)/(SWR+1) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Max DUT SWR (frequency-dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

convert to reflection coefficient, | ρ

DUT

| = (SWR–1)/(SWR+1) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Combined measurement uncertainty @ k=1

U

C

=

(

Max(ρ

DUT

) • Max(ρ

Sensor

)

)

2

+

(

sys

rss

)

2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

√2 2

%

Expanded uncertainty, k = 2, = U

C

• 2 = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

1. The noise-to-power ratio is capped for powers > 100 μW, in these cases use: Noise/100 μW.

This manual is related to the following products: