3B Scientific Chimpanzee Skull (Pan troglodytes), female - Manual (Page 3)

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Chimpanzee 1
Some dimensions of the original chimpanzee skull 5 .
max. length of cranium (inc. brow ridge and occipital crest) 132 mm
max. breadth of cranium 118 mm
skull breadth in region of max. postorbital narrowing 71 mm
volume of cranial cavity = “brain size” 390 ccm
length of face 127 mm
breadth of upper face (external biorbital breadth) 97 mm
breadth of zygomatic arch 118 mm
max. separation of zygomatic arch from skull wall 21 mm
length of palate 70 mm
breadth of palate 33 mm
bicondylar breadth of mandible 98 mm
bigonial breadth of mandible 77 mm
height of corpus mandibulae 27 mm
ramus height of mandible 59 mm
ramus breadth 43 mm
total mass of skull 417 g
mass of cranium 319 g
mass of mandible 98 g
Author: Dr Dr Olav Röhrer-Ertl, Primates Section, SNSB, Munich
1 This model was cast from an original from the Collection of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am
Main, Institute of Anthropology and Human Genetics for Biologists. For educational reasons the abraded teeth of the
original were reconstructed following younger female specimens in Munich, so as to be able to give a better representa-
tion of the tooth pattern. In this process, some adaptations to the jaws had to be made.
2 The scientific name of the chimpanzee has recently been the subject of renewed debate. Other authors are also given in
the literature.
3 However, the chimpanzee is well behind the orang-utan in this respect. Its particularly close relationship with humans is
established in other ways.
4 With increasing flattening of the tooth biting surfaces, the chewing force must be increased, which leads to increased
growth of the masticatory muscles, which in turn leads to more pronounced moulding of muscle attachment surfaces.
Here too, the distribution of the ever-increasing chewing force over the facial skeleton results in more pronounced
structures. Here we see the effect of the spatial relationship between the largest organ in the head, the brain, and the
others, particularly the eyes. In the African Ponginae this relationship is mainly horizontal (one behind the other),
whereas by contrast in the orang-utan they are arranged more vertically (one above the other).
5 All dimensions were taken, from an original, by Dr sc. A. Windelband, Berlin. In general, model dimensions will vary
slightly from these.
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