EXFO EXpert IPTV Test Tools (FTB-200v2) - Manual (Page 72)

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Examples:
In this section some typical values of zap time are shown. Actually, in IPTV television these
delays are greater than in other technologies:
 Analog (
Cable ) ~ 1s
 Analog (
off‐air ) ~ 1 – 3s
 MPEG2 over
QAM ~ 1.2 – 3s
 MPEG2 over
QPSK ~ 2 – 4s
 MPEG2 over IPTV Multicast ~ 1.5 – 3.5s
 H.264 over IPTV Multicast ~ 1.7 – 4s
IGMP is the signaling protocol used to access broadcast video services that use a multicast
network design to efficiently manage network bandwidth. In this implementation, a join
message is sent from the STB to the network.