Watts R4X40-3 - Manual (Page 2)

S-WQ-R4X40 1305 © 2013 Watts
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A Watts Water Technologies Company
introduction
Watts Reverse Osmosis (R0) Systems are designed to provide the
commercial and industrial user with the most trouble free, cost effec-
tive and reliable form of water treatment available, by providing every
option necessary for a successful installation.
Principles of Reverse osmosis
Watts R0 systems employ thin film composite spiral wound membrane
elements for superior performance. To simply describe the process,
pump pressure is used to supply source water to reverse osmosis
membranes. These special membranes allow only high quality water
to permeate them. In turn, they reject metals, salts, ionic and organic
impurities that are processed to waste.
Suspended solids are removed by pre-filters, which are standard
components on all Watts RO systems.
Water temperature
Product water quality and production of any RO system is depen-
dent on pressure and temperature. Watts RO systems are rated at
standard conditions of 77°F (25°C), 60 psi (4.2 bar) inlet pressure and
1,000 TDS feed water quality. Higher temperatures will result in more
water passing through the membranes and increased water produc-
tion. As a rule , at given pressures and TDS levels, for each one-
degree change in water temperature the change in water production is
approximately 2%.
WateR temPeRatuRe PRoDuctioN FactoR*
°F °c (Using thin film membranes)
40 4 0.48
50 10 0.60
60 16 0.73
70 21 0.88
77 25 1.00
80 27 1.06
90 32 1.26
*percent of rated production
Water pressure
Watts ® commercial RO systems require a minimum of 10 psi feed
pressure to function properly. The maximum pressure is 90 psi, and a
pressure regulator must be utilized over 90 psi to reduce feed water
pressure.
Feed / source water inlet requirements
The source water requirements shown below are essential for proper
operation:
iNlet FeeD WateR ReQuiRemeNts
Factor Requirements
Hardness < 1 grain per gallon
Free chlorine 0 ppm
T.D.S. <1,000 ppm
S.D. I. <5
pH 3-11
Iron <0.01 ppm
Silica <25 ppm
Manganese <0.05 ppm
Turbidity <1 NTU
Temperature 35°F - 95°F (2°C - 35°C)
Pressure 10-90 psi (2.8- 5.6 bar)
Note: Pretreatment may be required if the above parameters are not
met. Failure to meet feed water requirements may foul membranes,
void the warranty and possibly make it necessary to down-rate perfor-
mance.
All specifications listed are based on an average of 1,000 TDS feed
water, 77°F (25°C) temperature and 60 psi (4.2 bar) pressure. Typically,
higher-pressure differentials and higher temperatures increase water
production and water quality. Maximum pressure and temperature
limits must be observed.
1. system location
The RO system should be located on a level surface in an area
sheltered from sun, wind and rain. The temperature in this area should
be maintained, and should not fall below 35°F (2°C), nor greater than
95°F (35°C). If these limits are exceeded, damage to components
may result and the warranty may be considered void. It is important
to allow sufficient space around the unit so maintenance can easily be
performed.
2. Plumbing
The high-pressure pumps used require a continuous flow of water to
the system. Minimum feed pressure is 10 psi.
3. Feed water
Piping for feed water to the RO system should be either copper or
plastic. Iron and carbon steel pipe will increase the iron content of the
raw feed water and adversely affect the RO system's performance.
Temperature of the feed water must not exceed 95°F (35°C).
4. Product water (permeate) line connection
Connect the product water (permeate) line to the manifold on the back
side of the system. This line should not have valves and should run as
directly as possible to the storage tank.
5. concentrate (waste) line connection
Connect the waste line (concentrate) to the manifold on the back side
of the system. The waste from the system should not have valves and
should have an air break between it and the building drain system.
The tubing or piping used for discharge of the concentrate should be
run to an open drain in a free and unrestricted manner.
6. electrical
The customer must provide a properly sized electrical service.
level controls
In most installations it is necessary to use the level switch connec-
tor wire to install a level control or an electrical switch to turn the RO
system on and off based on the water level in the storage tank.
Pumps
Never let pumps run dry. Operating pumps without sufficient feed
water will cause damage. Feed pumps with filtered water only.
Pre-filtration
All Watts® RO systems come with particulate pre-filters to remove
suspended particles down to five (5) micron in size. Filter cartridges
should be changed at end of filter life, due to lack of filtering perfor-
mance, or whenever a 15psi pressure drop or greater is experienced
during normal operation, whichever comes first.
General Ro Process Diagram