Xtramus XG2 V1.3 - Manual (Page 13)

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2.1.2. 10GBASE-R (Optical Fiber)
10GBASE-R is 10Gbps Ethernet connection that based on IEEE802.3ae. It uses fiber as transmission media with
different specification of fiber, connector and transceiver. XG2 uses two standards, 10GBASE-LR and
10GBASE-SR.
10GBASE-SR
10GBASE-SR ("short range") uses 64B/66B encoding and 850 nm wavelength lasers. It is designed to support
short distances over deployed multi-mode fiber cabling, it has a range of between 26 meters (85 ft) and 82 meters
(270 ft) depending on cable type. It also supports 300 meters (980 ft) operation over new, 50 μm 2000 MHz•km
OM3 multi-mode fiber (MMF).
The transmitter can be implemented with a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) which is low cost and
low power. MMF has the advantage of having lower cost connectors than SMF (single-mode fiber) due to its wider
core.
10GBASE-SR delivers the lowest cost, lowest power and smallest form factor optical modules.
10GBASE-LR
10GBASE-LR ("long range") is a Long Range Optical technology delivering serialized 10 gigabit Ethernet over a
laser with 1310 nm wavelength connection on single-mode fiber via IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 64B-66B Physical
Coding Sub layer (PCS) using a line rate of 10.3125.
Single-mode optical cabling is used to interconnect transceivers at a distance spaced at 10 kilometers (6.2 mi), but
it can often reach distances of up to 25 kilometers (16 mi) with no data loss.
Fabry-Perot lasers are commonly used in 10GBASE-LR optical modules. Fabry-Perot lasers are more expensive
than VCSELs (mentioned above) but their high power and focused beam allow efficient coupling into the small core
of single mode fiber.
Fiber Specification
Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF). Fibers
which can only support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). Multi-mode fibers generally have a
larger core diameter, and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power
must be transmitted. Single-mode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 200 meters.
Fiber Buffer/Jacket color Meaning
Yellow Single-mode optical fiber, long distance connection
Orange Multi-mode optical fiber, short distance connection