LaMotte Soil Chemistry Test Equipment - Manual (Page 4)

SOIL TEXTURE
Through the process of weathering, mineral rocks are broken down over
long periods of time into fine particles of sand, silt, and clay. The presence
of these particles in varying proportions determines a soil’s texture. A
predominance of sand gives the soil a gritty feel when rolled between the
fingers. A soil with a high silt content has a silky feel much like talcum
powder. When moistened, clay is sticky and plastic in texture. A loamy soil
is an equal blend of these three fractions. Garden soils of intermediate
texture - the sandy loams, loams, and silt loams - are easiest to cultivate.
ORGANIC MATTER
Organic matter is composed of partially decayed and partially synthesized
plant and animal residues present in the soil. The decomposition of
organic matter releases mineral nutrients, particularly nitrogen, into the soil
in available forms for plant use. Organic matter also improves tilth and
water holding capacity. The garden hobbyist can improve the organic
content of his soil through the application of compost.
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