Rainbow Electronics NUC140 - Manual (Page 26)

NUC140 Series DATA SHEET
Publication Release Date: May 31, 2010
- 26 - Revision V1.02
5.2.4 Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)
Cortex-M0 provides an interrupt controller as an integral part of the exception mode, named as
“Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)”. It is closely coupled to the processor kernel and
provides following features:
y Nested and Vectored interrupt support
y Automatic processor state saving and restoration
y Dynamic priority changing
y Reduced and deterministic interrupt latency
The NVIC prioritizes and handles all supported exceptions. All exceptions are handled in “Handler
Mode”. This NVIC architecture supports 32 (IRQ[31:0]) discrete interrupts with 4 levels of priority. All of
the interrupts and most of the system exceptions can be configured to different priority levels. When
an interrupt occurs, the NVIC will compare the priority of the new interrupt to the current running one’s
priority. If the priority of the new interrupt is higher than the current one, the new interrupt handler will
override the current handler.
When any interrupts is accepted, the starting address of the interrupt service routine (ISR) is fetched
from a vector table in memory. There is no need to determine which interrupt is accepted and branch
to the starting address of the correlated ISR by software. While the starting address is fetched, NVIC
will also automatically save processor state including the registers “PC, PSR, LR, R0~R3, R12” to the
stack. At the end of the ISR, the NVIC will restore the mentioned registers from stack and resume the
normal execution. Thus it will take less and deterministic time to process the interrupt request.
The NVIC supports “Tail Chaining” which handles back-to-back interrupts efficiently without the
overhead of states saving and restoration and therefore reduces delay time in switching to pending
ISR at the end of current ISR. The NVIC also supports “Late Arrival” which improves the efficiency of
concurrent ISRs. When a higher priority interrupt request occurs before the current ISR starts to
execute (at the stage of state saving and starting address fetching), the NVIC will give priority to the
higher one without delay penalty. Thus it advances the real-time capability.
For more detailed information, please refer to the documents “ ARM® Cortex™-M0 Technical
Reference Manual” and “ ARM® v6-M Architecture Reference Manual”.
5.2.4.1 Exception Model and System Interrupt Map
The following table lists the exception model supported by NUC1xx serials. Software can set four
levels of priority on some of these exceptions as well as on all interrupts. The highest user-
configurable priority is denoted as “0” and the lowest priority is denoted as “3”. The default priority of
all the user-configurable interrupts is “0”. Note that priority “0” is treated as the fourth priority on the
system, after three system exceptions “Reset”, “NMI” and “Hard Fault”.