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The correction factor is added to the measured battery
voltage above 77°F(25°C).

The correction factor is

subtracted from the measured battery voltage below
77°F(25°C).

Example:

Cell

Voltage

Corrected

Voltage

Cell

Correction

Cell Voltage

Readings

Temperature

Factor

@ 25°C (77°F)

2.300

20°C (68°F)

-0.027

2.273

2.300

30°C (86°F)

0.027

2.327

2.300

35°C (95°F)

0.054

2.354

8.2 Damp Covers. Cell Voltage variation can occur when the
battery covers become wet or damp. Electrolyte spilled from
specific gravity measurements can cause parasitic current
paths across the tops of cell covers. These paths reduce the
quantity of current going through the battery and result in
undercharging and voltage variation. Eliminate the paths by
cleaning the battery cover with a solution of baking soda and
water (1 pound soda per gallon of water). Apply a cloth
dampened with the solution and neutralize acid until fizzing
stops, then wipe area with a clean cloth dampened only with
water to remove the soda. Do not get any of the baking soda
solution inside the battery.

SECTION 9

9.0 WATER ADDITIONS

9.1 The water in the electrolyte of a battery is lost by
evaporation and through hydrolysis into its component
hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Both the water vapor and

electrolytic gases are liberated to the environment through
the cell vent. Periodically it will be necessary to add water to
the battery. When necessary to add water to the battery, do
so before the battery is equalized. This will allow added
water and electrolyte to properly mix.

9.2 The use of distilled or de-ionized water is recommended
to minimize the chance of adding harmful impurities into the
battery.

SECTION 10

10.0 TAP CONNECTIONS

GNB advises against tapping portions of the battery as this
condition may cause unbalanced charging. The untapped
portion may get overcharged while the tapped portion may
become undercharged resulting in poor performance and
reduced life.

SECTION 11

11.0 Pilot Cell

11.1 A pilot cell is selected in the series string to reflect the
general condition of all cells in the battery regarding specific
gravities, float voltage and temperature.

It serves as an

indicator of the battery condition between scheduled overall
individual cell readings.

11.2 It is recommended that a different pilot cell be selected
each year to provide a representative specific gravity for the
battery.

SECTION 12

12.0 Records

12.1 A complete recorded history of the battery operation is
required. These records will show when corrective action
may be required to eliminate charging, maintenance or
environmental problems. These records will also be required
for consideration of warranty.

12.2 Data should be recorded on the Stationary Battery
Maintenance Report shown at the end of this manual.
Report headings should be filled in completely during the
actual dates(s) of installation.

12.3 Upon completion of the initial charge and with the
battery floating at the recommended float voltage for one
week, read and record individual cell voltages, connection
resistances, specific gravities (corrected to 25°C / 77°F),
ambient temperature plus cell temperatures and electrolyte
levels for 10% or more of the cells. The cell temperature
readings should be taken at each step/tier of the rack to
reflect the actual conditions.

12.4 The first set of readings will be the basis for comparison
with subsequent readings to reflect possible operating
problems and the need for corrective action.

12.5 Monthly - Observe the general appearance and
cleanliness of the battery. Record battery terminal voltage.
Check electrolyte levels and adjust if necessary. Check for
cracks in the battery and any signs of leakage. Note any
evidence of corrosion at terminals and/or connectors.
Record pilot cell voltage, specific gravity and temperature.

12.6 Quarterly - Supplement the monthly inspection and
record keeping with all battery voltages and specific
gravities.

Check and record the electrolyte temperature of

one cell on each level of the rack(s).

12.7 Annual - Supplement Quarterly reports by tightening all
bolted connections to the specified torque values. Record
connection resistances of each battery post to battery post,
battery post to terminal. Remake any connections that are
more than 20% above installation base value.

Check

integrity of the rack.

12.8 Record dates of any equalizing charges as well as total
quantity of water when added. Always record any
maintenance and/or testing conducted.

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