3B Scientific Inguinal Hernia Model - Manual (Page 2)

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English
Inguinal hernia model
Latin
1 Plica umbilicalis medialis
2 Intestinal loop protruding into the hernial sac
3 V. epigastrica inferior
4 A. epigastrica inferior
5 A. et V. iliaca externa
6 A. et V. testicularis
7 M. psoas major
8 Peritoneum
9 Fascia transversalis
10 M. transversus abdominis
11 M. obliquus internus abdominis
12 M. obliquus externus abdominis
13 Anulus inguinalis profundus
14 Lig. inguinale (Arcus inguinalis)
15 N. femoralis
16 A. femoralis
17 V. femoralis
18 Ductus deferens
19 Hernial sac
20 Fascia spermatica interna
21 M. cremaster, fascia cremasterica
22 Fascia spermatica externa
23 Anulus inguinalis superficialis
24 Canalis inguinalis
1 Medial umbilical fold
2 Intestinal loop protruding into the hernial sac
3 Inferior epigastric vein
4 Inferior epigastric artery
5 External iliac artery and vein
6 Testicular artery and vein
7 Psoas major muscle
8 Peritoneum
9 Transverse fascia
10 Transversus abdominis muscle
11 Obliquus internus abdominis muscle
12 Obliquus externus abdominis muscle
13 Abdominal inguinal ring
14 Inguinal ligament
15 Femoral nerve
16 Femoral artery
17 Femoral vein
18 Deferent duct (spermatic duct)
19 Hernial sac
20 Internal spermatic fascia
21 Cremasteric fascia
22 External spermatic fascia
23 Superficial inguinal ring
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A
B
Inguinal (abdominal) canal
Direct inguinal hernia
Indirect inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernia is a hernia (rupture) causing intestines or organ parts to protrude through a congenital or
acquired opening in the abdominal wall. It commonly affects males.
Acquired inguinal hernia is an abdominal hernia in which a "peritoneal sac” containing intestines bulges
through an opening in the abdominal wall (hernial canal). It protrudes through the external (=lateral) or
internal (=medial) inguinal ring.
Hernia protruding into the inner inguinal ring lateral to the epigastric vessels and passing through the
inguinal canal is called indirect inguinal hernia (external, lateral or oblique hernia). With an incidence of
60-70% it is the more common type.
Inguinal hernia that does not pass through the inguinal canal (or only its peripheral end) is called direct
inguinal hernia (internal, medial or direct hernia). It protrudes through the inguinal fossa medial to the
epigastric vessels directly through the abdominal wall to the external inguinal ring. With an incidence of
30-40% it is the less common type.
The natural-sized model shows the left inguinal region of a male with an indirect inguinal hernia, opened
in layers. The two illustrations on the base show a comparison of the diagrammatic anatomy of a direct
(left) and indirect (right) inguinal hernia.