Kodak A-1671 - Manual (Page 3)

A-1671 December 2001 3
The Image Permanence Institute (IPI) at the
Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in
Rochester, New York, extensively researched redox
blemishes in microfilms. 7 IPI’s research showed
that selenium toning did not effectively stop the
spread of redox. IPI then looked at a polysulfide
solution and Kodak Brown Toner solution in place of
selenium. IPI’s testing showed both solutions
stopped the migration of redox blemishes into the
roll of microfilm. As a result of brown toning, toned
microfilm has a higher resistance to the formation
of redox blemishes. The combined use of brown
toning and molecular sieves significantly enhances
film longevity even under adverse conditions.
Based on Eastman Kodak Company and IPI test
results, Kodak Brown Toner has been shown to
provide additional protection against environmental
conditions that promote redox blemishes. The
treatment is effective with freshly processed and
existing microfilm collections.
Kodak Brown Toner solution can be purchased from
Eastman Kodak Company:
Kodak Catalog Number Packaging
140-0928 1 gallon container
Kodak Brown Toner is highly photoactive with
microfilm chemicals. It is recommended that Kodak
Brown Toner be handled in a separate area from
the handling of microfilm developer and fix.
Health and Safety
When a manufacturer has determined a product is
or contains a hazardous chemical, they are required
to provide a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
Kodak provides MSDSs with all photographic
processing chemicals, even those that are not
classified as hazardous chemicals. MSDSs are
available by calling 1-800-242-2424, extension 43.
You will need to supply Kodak catalog numbers of
the chemicals for which you need MSDSs. Material
Safety Data Sheets for the actual working solutions
and caution labels for the processor tanks are also
available by calling the same number.
When working with photochemicals, it is
recommended that MSDSs for all Kodak Products
be obtained and consulted for information
pertaining to potential hazards, safe handling
guidelines, ventilation, and personal protective
equipment. While photochemical solutions and
products may contain hazardous ingredients, if the
information contained on the product label and
within each MSDS is read, understood, and
followed, normal use and handling of these
products should not pose a health risk.
Post-Processing Toning Procedures
For Deep Tank Processors*
The deep tank processor is set to run at 90 0 F.
The transport speed is determined based on a
recommended dwell time of 60 seconds in the
brown toner solution. Depending on tank size,
the transport speed varies between processors.
Mix the Kodak Brown Toner solution at a dilution
of 1:100 (1 part brown toner solution to 100 parts
water). Brown toning in deep tank processors can
be performed either in-line (as part of the normal
microfilm developing process) or off-line (use of
a dedicated processor that brown tones microfilm
after it has been processed in a separate
processor). In an Allen F-20 Processor, for
example, in-line brown toning can be accomplished
by the following tank setup:
Tank
Solution
1 Developer
2 Developer
3 Wash
4 Fix
5 Fix
6 Wash
7 Brown toner solution
8 Brown toner solution
9 Wash
Calculate the replenishment rate using the following
table and formula:
Replenishment (mL/ft) by Film Width
16 mm 35 mm 105 mm
0.60 1.20 3.60
Replenishment is equal to:
Processor Transport Speed x Table Value
Sample calculation for a deep tank processor:
Film Width: 16 mm
Table Value: 0.60 mL/ft
Transport Speed: 90 ft/min
Replenishment rate is equal to:
0.60 mL/ft x 90 ft/min = 54 mL/min
Off-line brown toning in this Allen F-20 Processor
can be accomplished by filling any two consecutive
tanks with Kodak Brown Toner at the recommended
dilution rate and at a temperature of 90 0 F. A wash
tank is required immediately after the second tank
of brown toner. Set the transport speed to allow a
60 second dwell time in the brown toner solution
and calculate the replenishment rate based on the
formula described above.
*These are starting point recommendations.
Final conditions will vary.