JAI TM-2016-8/8CL - Manual (Page 28)

Page 18
TM-2016-8 and TM-2016-8CL Progressive Scan Shutter Camera
Operation
3.3 Progressive Scanning
Standard TV-system scanning is 525 lines interlace scanning as specified in the RS-170 protocol. Every
other horizontal line (odd lines and even lines) is scanned at a 60Hz rate per field, and the scanning is
completed with two fields (one frame) at 30Hz rate. Because of the interlace scanning, the vertical
resolution of CCD cameras is limited at 350 TV lines, regardless of the horizontal resolution. When
electronic shutter is applied, the CCD can hold only one field of charge at each exposure. Therefore, the
vertical resolution of the electronic-shutter camera is only 244 TV lines. The situation is the same for an
HDTV-format camera, since it has interlaced scanning and the vertical resolution of the shuttered image
is 500 lines.
The TM-2016-8 uses a state-of-the-art progressive scanning interline transfer CCD which scans all lines
sequentially from top to bottom at one frame rate (8Hz). Like a non-interlace computer screen, it
generates a stable, crisp image without alternating lines and provides full vertical TV resolution of 1080
lines.
The interline transfer architecture is also important to generate simultaneous shuttering. This is different
from full frame transfer architecture which requires a mechanical shutter or strobe light in order to
freeze the object motion.
The TM-2016-8 outputs the progressive scanned image with an electronic shutter in two different
formats:
1. Progressive Scanning digital and analog output
The CCD signal goes through A/D and D/A converters and through 10-bit in, 8-bit out
look-up table (LUT). The digital output is available from a 31-pin connector with RS-644
format (20MHz clock rate) or Camera Link output.
The analog output is the same as 75¾, 1Vp-p format at 8Hz rate available from BNC and
12-pin connector.
2. Double-speed scanning output (two-row binning)
By selection, the two-row binning mode provides double-speed video output. Both signal
outputs of the 31-pin connector and the analog output are at 16Hz with a 20MHz pixel
clock.
3.4 Electronic Shutter
The TM-2016-8 has a substrate drain-type shutter mechanism which provides a superb picture at
various speeds without smearing. A built-in manual shutter speed control selects the electronic shutter
rate of 1/30 (non-async mode only), 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1,000, 1/2,000, 1/4,000, and 1/8,000
second.
With VINIT high (5V), the CCD keeps discharging. With a negative pulse to VINIT, the camera resets
and purges the charge momentarily. Then it starts integrating for the period of shutter control set by
either an external pulse width or internal shutter control. Progressive scanning permits a full 1080 lines
of vertical resolution, as compared to a conventional CCD camera which captures only half the vertical
lines per shutter.