Codan Radio Transportable Radio Systems User Guide - Manual (Page 2)

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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT CODAN ......................................................................................................................................................................... Page 4
1.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE .............................................................................................................................................................. Page 4
1.3 HOW THIS GUIDE WORKS ..................................................................................................................................................... Page 5
1.4 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 5
1.5 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... Page 6
1.6 BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 6
2. SECTION 2 – REPEATER BASICS
2.1 WHAT IS A REPEATER? .............................................................................................................................................................. Page 7
2.1.1 Simplex Communications ................................................................................................................................................... Page 8
2.1.2 Duplex Communications .................................................................................................................................................... Page 8
2.2 HOW DOES A REPEATER WORK? ............................................................................................................................................ Page 9
2.3 OTHER TYPES OF REPEATERS .................................................................................................................................................. Page 9
2.3.1 Bi-Directional Amplifi er (BDA) ............................................................................................................................................ Page 9
2.3.2 Vehicular Repeater ............................................................................................................................................................. Page 10
2.4 BASE STATIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................... Page 10
2.5 BENEFITS OF A TRANSPORTABLE RADIO ............................................................................................................................ Page 10
2.6 COMPONENTS OF A TRANSPORTABLE RADIO .................................................................................................................. Page 11
2.6.1 Transmitters and Receivers (TX/RX) ............................................................................................................................... Page 11
2.6.2 Duplexers ............................................................................................................................................................................ Page 12
2.6.3 Antenna ............................................................................................................................................................................... Page 13
2.6.4 Enclosure ............................................................................................................................................................................. Page 14
2.6.5 Power Supply ...................................................................................................................................................................... Page 14
2.7 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................... Page 15
2.8 THE TRADE-OFFS OF A PRACTICAL SOLUTION THAT MEETS YOUR NEEDS ................................................................. Page 15
3. SECTION 3 – REAL WORLD PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
3.1 NO COVERAGE AREA ............................................................................................................................................................. Page 16
3.1.1 Temporary Communications during a Forest Fire ....................................................................................................... Page 17
3.1.2 Forest Fire Fighting – Ground to Air Communications ................................................................................................ Page 17
3.1.3 Search and Rescue in a remote area .............................................................................................................................. Page 18
3.1.4 Communications for Natural Resource Exploration .................................................................................................... Page 19
3.1.5 Scientifi c Research in the Antarctic ............................................................................................................................... Page 20
3.1.6 Vehicle Accident in a Valley that has Poor or Inadequate Coverage ....................................................................... Page 21
3.1.7 Multi Agency Interoperability – Columbine, Colorado ............................................................................................... Page 22
3.1.8 Multi-Agency Interoperability – Alameda County ...................................................................................................... Page 22
3.1.9 Coverage in Buildings and Tunnels ................................................................................................................................ Page 23
3.2 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURES ............................................................................................................................. Page 24
3.3 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ Page 25
3.3.1 Secure Undercover Operations ........................................................................................................................................ Page 25
3.3.2 Forward Observer/Sniper Communications ................................................................................................................. Page 26
3.3.3 Diplomatic Security ........................................................................................................................................................... Page 27
3.3.4 Customs Inspection on a Vessel ...................................................................................................................................... Page 28
4. SECTION 4 – THE “WORKING” TRANSPORTABLE RADIO
4.1 FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 29
4.1.1 Analog vs. P25 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 29
4.1.2 Encryption ........................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 29
4.1.3 Conventional or Trunked Channels ............................................................................................................................................ Page 30
4.2 TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER (TX/RX) ................................................................................................................................................ Page 30
4.2.1 Transmitter .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 30
4.2.2 Receiver ................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 30
4.2.3 Transceivers ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 30
4.2.4 Frequency Bands ............................................................................................................................................................................... Page 31
4.3 CALCULATING SYSTEM GAIN AND RANGE ................................................................................................................................... Page 32
4.3.1 Transmitter Gains .............................................................................................................................................................................. Page 32
4.3.2 Receiver Sensitivity ........................................................................................................................................................................... Page 32
4.3.3 Antenna Gains ................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 32
4.3.4 Duplexers ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 32
4.3.5 Cable Losses ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 32
4.3.6 Free Space Loss ................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 33
4.3.7 Obstruction Losses ............................................................................................................................................................................ Page 33
4.3.8 Fade Margin ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 34
4.3.9 Path Calculation Worksheet ......................................................................................................................................................... Page 34
4.4 DUPLEXERS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 35
4.4.1 Isolation ............................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 35
4.4.2 How do I provide Isolation to the Repeater? ............................................................................................................................ Page 36
4.4.3 Duplexer Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................ Page 37
4.5 ANTENNAS ............................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 39
4.5.1 Radiation Patterns and Types ........................................................................................................................................................ Page 39
4.5.2 Antenna Size and Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................ Page 40
4.5.3 Practical Considerations for your Antenna ............................................................................................................................... Page 41
4.6 ENCLOSURES – CHOOSING THE RIGHT CASE .............................................................................................................................. Page 42
4.6.1 Open/Closed Lid Operation ........................................................................................................................................................... Page 42
4.6.2 Case Selection ..................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 43
4.6.3 Weight ................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 44
4.6.4 Case Size Selection ............................................................................................................................................................................ Page 45
4.7 POWER SUPPLIES .................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 46
4.7.1 AC ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 46
4.7.2 DC ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 47
4.8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................................... Page 49
5. APPENDIX — REFERENCES
5.1 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 50
5.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................. Page 51
5.3 TRANSPORTABLE RADIO RFQ SHEET .............................................................................................................................................. Page 52
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