0 physical properties, 1 flexural strength, 2 modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness – GC EUROPE G-aenial Universal Flo User Manual
Page 8: 1 modulus of elasticity

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G-ænial Universal Flo Technical Manual
6.0 Physical properties
6.1 Flexural strength
Definition: Flexural strength is defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load.
Figure 4: Flexural Strength of various composite
and flowable composite materials. This flexural
strength test was conducted following the iSO
4049 specifications.
Source: Adapted excerpt from Dental Materials
Research Foundation, university of acTa,
amsterdam, 2011
Within the limitations of this test, it can
be concluded that G-ænial universal
Flo shows a flexural strength similar
or superior to putty-like composites
and superior to all other flowable
composites tested.
6.2 Modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness
6.2.1 Modulus of elasticity
Definition: The modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) is a measure of the rigidity of the material
and is defined by the initial slope of a stress-strain curve.
a high modulus of elasticity means that the material is rigid and stiff. a material with a low modulus
of elasticity is more flexible and is better able to buffer the masticatory pressure.
Figure 5: Modulus of elasticity of various composite
and flowable composite materials. This test was
conducted according to the iSO 4049
specifications.
Source: GC Corporation, R&D department.
Within the limitations of this test, it can
be concluded that G-ænial universal
Flo exhibits higher flexibility than
conventional composites and a
similar flexibility compared to the
flowable composites tested.
Flexural strength (MPa)
elastic Modulus (Gpa)
Stress
Stress
Strain
initial Slope
area