Universal Audio 2192 Master Audio Interface - Manual (Page 35)

The Technical Stuff
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Metering
Level metering for each of the stereo input and output channels is provided by its own front-panel
10-segment LED display. (

see #1 and #2 on page 4) Each channel has timed peak/hold digital
clip/maximum output indicators. All LED segments except CLIP are driven by the analog metering
circuitry (the meters are tied to the converters, not the analog trims). The red CLIP indicators are
driven by the digital circuitry.
Analog Metering
The nine analog LED segments are calibrated to reflect digital signal levels. A value of 0dB on the
analog meter is equal to digital full scale code (0dBFS), which reflects an analog signal level of
+22dB (adjustable using the rear panel Analog Line Trims for each channel). (

see page 35 for
calibration procedures) An analog signal level of +4dBu at 1kHz will illuminate the -18dB segment on
the 2192 meters. Note that frequencies below 50Hz will flicker, and may not be reported correctly.
Digital Clip Indicators
When the red CLIP indicator illuminates, a full-scale digital signal has occurred. CLIP uses a timed
peak/hold-style indicator. When a signal at or over 0dBFS occurs, the CLIP indicator will remain
illuminated momentarily before being auto reset once the signal drops below 0dBFS.
About “Class A”
Most electronic devices can be designed in such a way as to minimize a particularly unpleasant form
of distortion called crossover distortion. However, the active components in “Class A” electronic
devices such as the 2192 draw current and work throughout the full signal cycle, thus eliminating
crossover distortion altogether.