Apple Logic Express 7 - Manual (Page 306)

306 Chapter 12 Event List
Program Change Events
Program change events can be transmitted to connected MIDI devices for patch
selection. These may be sounds in a synthesizer, programs in an effects unit, or
snapshots in an automated mixing desk.
Val
A program number between 0 and 127.
Some manufacturers (such as Yamaha) number the programs in their devices from 1 to
128, not 0 to 127. In this situation, you need to subtract 1 from the program number
shown on the device itself.
Other manufacturers use various methods of dividing internal memory locations into
groups (or banks) and sounds. The most common is divisions into 8 groups of 8
sounds, each numbered 1 to 8. These devices respond to program numbers 0 to 63 by
addressing storage locations 11 to 88. The instruction manuals for these devices should
contain conversion tables to assist you.
Num
Bank select. Normally you will see this symbol (
−
), which means no bank select will be
sent. If you assign a number between 0 and 126, a bank select event is sent before the
program change event. This allows you to address different sound banks (preset,
internal, card, and so on) inside your synthesizer. The synthesizer must be able to
recognize controller 32 as bank select, but unfortunately this standard is not used by all
manufacturers. If you have any problems with bank select, check your synthesizer’s
manual to see whether, and how, it responds to bank select commands. You can
change the type of bank select message Logic sends for each Multi Instrument in your
setup (see “Defining Custom Bank Selects” on page 169).